词汇表 · Glossary
课文中出现的 351 个词。 351 words from the course, by level of first appearance.
| 词 | Meaning | 词类 | Level |
|---|---|---|---|
| 爱 | to love | 动词 | 4 |
| 八 | eight | 数词 | 2 |
| 把 | object-fronting marker (把书放好) | 介词 | 5 |
| 把字句 | the ba-construction | 名词 | 11 |
| 爸爸 | father, dad | 名词 | 2 |
| 白话文 | vernacular written Chinese | 名词 | 12 |
| 办法 | way, method | 名词 | 5 |
| 帮忙 | to help (separable: 帮他的忙) | 动词 | 4 |
| 杯 | measure word: a cup of (一杯茶) | 量词 | 3 |
| 杯子 | cup, glass (一个杯子) | 名词 | 3 |
| 被 | by (passive marker) | 介词 | 5 |
| 被字句 | the bei-construction (passive) | 名词 | 11 |
| 本 | measure word for books (一本书) | 量词 | 3 |
| 比 | compared with (A 比 B 大) | 介词 | 5 |
| 比较句 | comparative sentence (with 比) | 名词 | 11 |
| 笔画 | stroke (of a character) | 名词 | 7 |
| 笔顺 | stroke order | 名词 | 7 |
| 必须 | must, have to | 副词 | 4 |
| 变调 | tone sandhi | 名词 | 8 |
| 标点符号 | punctuation marks | 名词 | 12 |
| 别 | don't (prohibition) | 副词 | 4 |
| 宾语 | object | 名词 | 9 |
| 补语 | complement (after the verb) | 名词 | 10 |
| 不 | not (habitual, future, volition) | 副词 | 1 |
| 不但 | not only | 连词 | 6 |
| 不过 | however, only | 连词 | 6 |
| 不及物动词 | intransitive verb | 名词 | 10 |
| 不要 | don't (fuller form of 别) | 副词 | 4 |
| 部首 | radical (dictionary index component) | 名词 | 7 |
| 才 | only then, not until | 副词 | 4 |
| 菜 | dish (of food), vegetable | 名词 | 2 |
| 茶 | tea | 名词 | 2 |
| 差不多 | almost, about the same | 副词 | 6 |
| 车 | vehicle, car (一辆车) | 名词 | 3 |
| 成语 | chengyu, four-character set idiom | 名词 | 6 |
| 程度补语 | degree complement (跑得很快) | 名词 | 10 |
| 吃 | to eat | 动词 | 2 |
| 持续体 | durative aspect (with 着) | 名词 | 10 |
| 出 | to go out, come out | 动词 | 5 |
| 词 | word (the grammatical unit) | 名词 | 7 |
| 词类 | word class, parts of speech | 名词 | 9 |
| 词性 | part of speech of a word | 名词 | 7 |
| 从 | from (a starting point) | 介词 | 5 |
| 错 | wrong, mistaken (写错了) | 形容词 | 5 |
| 大 | big, large | 形容词 | 3 |
| 大概 | probably; roughly | 副词 | 6 |
| 代词 | pronoun | 名词 | 9 |
| 单句 | simple sentence | 名词 | 12 |
| 单数 | singular | 名词 | 9 |
| 但是 | but, however | 连词 | 6 |
| 当然 | of course | 副词 | 6 |
| 到 | to arrive, reach; succeed in (result complement) | 动词 | 4 |
| 得 | complement particle, after the verb (跑得很快) | 助词 | 11 |
| 地 | adverbial particle, before the verb (慢慢地走) | 助词 | 11 |
| 地方 | place | 名词 | 5 |
| 的 | attributive particle (我的书, 红色的花) | 助词 | 3 |
| 等 | to wait, wait for | 动词 | 4 |
| 弟弟 | younger brother | 名词 | 2 |
| 点 | o'clock (三点 = three o'clock) | 量词 | 2 |
| 定语 | attributive modifier (before a noun, with 的) | 名词 | 9 |
| 懂 | to understand (听懂, 看懂) | 动词 | 5 |
| 动词 | verb | 名词 | 10 |
| 动量词 | verbal measure word (次, 遍, 下) | 名词 | 9 |
| 动态助词 | aspect particle (了, 过, 着) | 名词 | 10 |
| 都 | all, both | 副词 | 4 |
| 短语 | phrase | 名词 | 9 |
| 段落 | paragraph | 名词 | 12 |
| 对 | toward, to, with regard to | 介词 | 5 |
| 对不起 | sorry, excuse me | 动词 | 1 |
| 多 | many, much | 形容词 | 3 |
| 多少 | how many, how much | 代词 | 3 |
| 儿化 | erhua, r-suffixation | 名词 | 8 |
| 儿子 | son | 名词 | 2 |
| 而且 | moreover, and what is more | 连词 | 6 |
| 二 | two | 数词 | 2 |
| 繁体字 | traditional (unsimplified) character | 名词 | 8 |
| 反问句 | rhetorical question | 名词 | 11 |
| 饭 | cooked rice, meal | 名词 | 2 |
| 方位词 | localizer (上, 里, 前边) | 名词 | 9 |
| 房子 | house (一座房子) | 名词 | 3 |
| 分句 | clause (within a complex sentence) | 名词 | 12 |
| 复句 | complex sentence | 名词 | 12 |
| 复数 | plural (Chinese nouns take no plural ending) | 名词 | 9 |
| 副词 | adverb | 名词 | 10 |
| 干净 | clean (洗干净) | 形容词 | 5 |
| 刚才 | just now, a moment ago | 名词 | 4 |
| 高 | tall, high | 形容词 | 3 |
| 哥哥 | elder brother | 名词 | 2 |
| 个 | general measure word (一个人) | 量词 | 3 |
| 给 | to give; for, to (someone) | 动词 | 4 |
| 跟 | with; and | 介词 | 5 |
| 更 | even more, still more | 副词 | 5 |
| 工作 | to work; work, job | 动词 | 2 |
| 狗 | dog (一只狗) | 名词 | 3 |
| 故事 | story | 名词 | 5 |
| 规则 | rule | 名词 | 7 |
| 过 | experiential aspect particle (have ever done) | 助词 | 4 |
| 过来 | to come over | 动词 | 5 |
| 还 | still, yet, in addition | 副词 | 4 |
| 还是 | or (in a question); still | 连词 | 6 |
| 汉语 | Chinese (the Han language) | 名词 | 1 |
| 汉字 | Chinese character | 名词 | 7 |
| 好 | good, well, fine | 形容词 | 1 |
| 喝 | to drink | 动词 | 2 |
| 很 | very (links subject to adjective) | 副词 | 1 |
| 红 | red | 形容词 | 3 |
| 后边 | behind, the back side | 名词 | 3 |
| 忽然 | suddenly | 副词 | 5 |
| 花 | flower (一朵花) | 名词 | 3 |
| 回来 | to come back | 动词 | 5 |
| 会 | can (a learned skill); will, be likely to | 动词 | 4 |
| 会意 | compound ideograph (明, 休, 林) | 名词 | 8 |
| 或者 | or (in a statement) | 连词 | 6 |
| 机会 | chance, opportunity | 名词 | 6 |
| 基数 | cardinal number | 名词 | 9 |
| 及物动词 | transitive verb | 名词 | 10 |
| 几 | how many (expecting a small number) | 数词 | 3 |
| 家 | home, family | 名词 | 2 |
| 假借 | phonetic loan character (来, 其) | 名词 | 8 |
| 兼语句 | pivotal sentence (他请我吃饭) | 名词 | 10 |
| 简化字 | simplified character | 名词 | 8 |
| 见 | to see (as result complement: 看见, 听见) | 动词 | 5 |
| 见面 | to meet (separable: 跟他见面) | 动词 | 4 |
| 件 | measure word for clothes and matters (一件事) | 量词 | 3 |
| 叫 | to be called, to call | 动词 | 1 |
| 结构助词 | structural particle (的, 地, 得) | 名词 | 11 |
| 结果补语 | resultative complement (看见, 写完) | 名词 | 10 |
| 结束 | to end, finish | 动词 | 4 |
| 姐姐 | elder sister | 名词 | 2 |
| 介宾短语 | prepositional phrase (在家, 跟他) | 名词 | 11 |
| 介词 | preposition (coverb) | 名词 | 11 |
| 今天 | today | 名词 | 2 |
| 进 | to enter, go in | 动词 | 5 |
| 进行体 | progressive aspect (with 在, 正在) | 名词 | 10 |
| 经验 | experience | 名词 | 6 |
| 九 | nine | 数词 | 2 |
| 旧 | old, used (of things) | 形容词 | 3 |
| 就 | then, right away, as early as | 副词 | 4 |
| 句法 | syntax | 名词 | 12 |
| 句子 | sentence | 名词 | 7 |
| 觉得 | to feel, think | 动词 | 4 |
| 开始 | to begin, start | 动词 | 4 |
| 看 | to look at, watch, read | 动词 | 2 |
| 可能补语 | potential complement (看得见, 看不见) | 名词 | 10 |
| 可是 | but (more colloquial than 但是) | 连词 | 6 |
| 可以 | may, be allowed to | 动词 | 4 |
| 快 | fast, quick | 形容词 | 5 |
| 来 | to come | 动词 | 2 |
| 老师 | teacher | 名词 | 1 |
| 了 | perfective / change-of-state particle (not a past tense) | 助词 | 4 |
| 离 | away from (distance) | 介词 | 5 |
| 离合词 | separable verb (见面, 帮忙, 睡觉, 结婚) | 名词 | 10 |
| 里 | in, inside | 名词 | 3 |
| 历史 | history | 名词 | 6 |
| 例子 | example | 名词 | 7 |
| 连词 | conjunction | 名词 | 11 |
| 连动句 | serial-verb sentence (我去商店买东西) | 名词 | 10 |
| 量词 | measure word, classifier | 名词 | 9 |
| 六 | six | 数词 | 2 |
| 六书 | the six categories of character formation | 名词 | 8 |
| 妈妈 | mother, mom | 名词 | 2 |
| 马氏文通 | Mashi Wentong (Ma Jianzhong, 1898), the first systematic Chinese grammar | 名词 | 7 |
| 吗 | yes-no question particle | 助词 | 1 |
| 买 | to buy | 动词 | 2 |
| 慢 | slow | 形容词 | 5 |
| 猫 | cat (一只猫) | 名词 | 3 |
| 没 | not (negates completion and 有) | 副词 | 4 |
| 没有 | not to have; there is not; did not | 动词 | 4 |
| 妹妹 | younger sister | 名词 | 2 |
| 门 | door, gate (一扇门) | 名词 | 3 |
| 们 | collective suffix for persons (我们, 老师们) | 助词 | 9 |
| 名词 | noun | 名词 | 9 |
| 名量词 | nominal measure word (本, 张, 条) | 名词 | 9 |
| 名字 | name, given name | 名词 | 1 |
| 明天 | tomorrow | 名词 | 2 |
| 哪 | which | 代词 | 1 |
| 哪儿 | where | 代词 | 1 |
| 那 | that | 代词 | 3 |
| 呢 | follow-up question particle (and you?) | 助词 | 1 |
| 能 | can, be able to (circumstance) | 动词 | 4 |
| 能愿动词 | modal verb (会, 能, 可以, 要) | 名词 | 10 |
| 你 | you (singular) | 代词 | 1 |
| 你好 | hello | 叹词 | 1 |
| 你们 | you (plural) | 代词 | 1 |
| 您 | you (polite singular) | 代词 | 1 |
| 女儿 | daughter | 名词 | 2 |
| 朋友 | friend | 名词 | 2 |
| 偏旁 | character component (side element) | 名词 | 7 |
| 篇章 | discourse, connected text | 名词 | 12 |
| 拼音 | Pinyin, the official romanization | 名词 | 7 |
| 七 | seven | 数词 | 2 |
| 其实 | actually, in fact | 副词 | 6 |
| 起床 | to get up, get out of bed | 动词 | 2 |
| 起来 | to get up; up (directional complement) | 动词 | 5 |
| 前边 | in front, the front side | 名词 | 3 |
| 钱 | money | 名词 | 3 |
| 轻声 | neutral tone | 名词 | 8 |
| 清楚 | clear, clearly (说清楚) | 形容词 | 5 |
| 请 | please; to invite | 动词 | 1 |
| 趋向补语 | directional complement (进来, 出去) | 名词 | 10 |
| 去 | to go | 动词 | 2 |
| 去声 | the fourth tone | 名词 | 8 |
| 然后 | then, after that | 连词 | 6 |
| 人 | person, people | 名词 | 1 |
| 人称代词 | personal pronoun | 名词 | 9 |
| 认识 | to know, be acquainted with (a person) | 动词 | 4 |
| 肉 | meat | 名词 | 2 |
| 如果 | if | 连词 | 6 |
| 三 | three | 数词 | 2 |
| 上 | on, above, the top | 名词 | 3 |
| 上声 | the third tone | 名词 | 8 |
| 少 | few, little | 形容词 | 3 |
| 社会 | society | 名词 | 6 |
| 谁 | who | 代词 | 1 |
| 什么 | what | 代词 | 1 |
| 生活 | life; to live | 名词 | 6 |
| 声调 | tone | 名词 | 7 |
| 声母 | syllable initial | 名词 | 7 |
| 声旁 | phonetic component of a character | 名词 | 8 |
| 声音 | sound, voice | 名词 | 5 |
| 省略 | ellipsis, omission | 名词 | 12 |
| 十 | ten | 数词 | 2 |
| 时候 | time, moment | 名词 | 4 |
| 时间 | time (duration) | 名词 | 5 |
| 实词 | content word | 名词 | 9 |
| 世界 | world | 名词 | 6 |
| 事情 | matter, affair, thing (一件事情) | 名词 | 5 |
| 是 | to be (A is B) | 动词 | 1 |
| 书 | book (一本书) | 名词 | 3 |
| 数词 | numeral | 名词 | 9 |
| 数量短语 | numeral-plus-classifier phrase (三本) | 名词 | 9 |
| 水 | water | 名词 | 2 |
| 睡觉 | to sleep (separable verb) | 动词 | 2 |
| 说 | to speak, say | 动词 | 2 |
| 说文解字 | Shuowen Jiezi (Xu Shen, 121 CE), the classic character dictionary | 名词 | 7 |
| 四 | four | 数词 | 2 |
| 虽然 | although | 连词 | 6 |
| 所以 | so, therefore | 连词 | 6 |
| 他 | he, him | 代词 | 1 |
| 他们 | they, them | 代词 | 1 |
| 她 | she, her | 代词 | 1 |
| 叹词 | interjection | 名词 | 11 |
| 特别 | especially; special | 副词 | 6 |
| 体 | aspect (Chinese marks aspect, not tense) | 名词 | 10 |
| 条 | measure word for long thin things (一条鱼) | 量词 | 3 |
| 听 | to listen, hear | 动词 | 2 |
| 外 | outside | 名词 | 3 |
| 完 | to finish; finished (result complement) | 动词 | 4 |
| 完成体 | perfective aspect (with 了) | 名词 | 10 |
| 玩儿 | to play, to have fun | 动词 | 4 |
| 晚 | late | 形容词 | 5 |
| 晚上 | evening, night | 名词 | 2 |
| 为了 | in order to, for the sake of | 介词 | 5 |
| 位 | polite measure word for people (一位老师) | 量词 | 3 |
| 谓语 | predicate | 名词 | 10 |
| 文化 | culture | 名词 | 6 |
| 文言文 | Classical Chinese | 名词 | 12 |
| 问题 | question, problem | 名词 | 5 |
| 我 | I, me | 代词 | 1 |
| 我们 | we, us | 代词 | 1 |
| 无论 | no matter (what, how) | 连词 | 6 |
| 五 | five | 数词 | 2 |
| 习惯 | habit, custom; to be used to | 名词 | 6 |
| 喜欢 | to like | 动词 | 4 |
| 下 | under, below, the bottom | 名词 | 3 |
| 下去 | to go down; to carry on (directional complement) | 动词 | 5 |
| 下午 | afternoon | 名词 | 2 |
| 现在 | now | 名词 | 2 |
| 想 | to want to; to think; to miss | 动词 | 4 |
| 向 | toward, in the direction of | 介词 | 5 |
| 象形 | pictograph (日, 月, 山, 木) | 名词 | 8 |
| 消息 | news, a piece of information | 名词 | 6 |
| 小 | small, little | 形容词 | 3 |
| 些 | measure word: some, a few (一些书) | 量词 | 3 |
| 歇后语 | xiehouyu, two-part allegorical saying | 名词 | 6 |
| 谢谢 | thank you | 动词 | 1 |
| 新 | new | 形容词 | 3 |
| 星期 | week | 名词 | 2 |
| 形旁 | semantic component of a character | 名词 | 8 |
| 形容词 | adjective | 名词 | 10 |
| 形声 | phono-semantic compound (河, 妈, 铜) | 名词 | 8 |
| 姓 | to be surnamed; surname | 动词 | 1 |
| 修辞 | rhetoric, figures of speech | 名词 | 12 |
| 虚词 | function word | 名词 | 9 |
| 序数 | ordinal number (第一) | 名词 | 9 |
| 学生 | student | 名词 | 1 |
| 学校 | school | 名词 | 2 |
| 谚语 | proverb, saying | 名词 | 6 |
| 阳平 | the second tone | 名词 | 8 |
| 样子 | appearance, manner | 名词 | 5 |
| 要 | to want; be going to | 动词 | 4 |
| 也 | also, too | 副词 | 1 |
| 也许 | perhaps, maybe | 副词 | 6 |
| 一 | one | 数词 | 2 |
| 一定 | certainly, definitely | 副词 | 6 |
| 一起 | together | 副词 | 5 |
| 一样 | the same, alike | 形容词 | 5 |
| 衣服 | clothes (一件衣服) | 名词 | 3 |
| 疑问代词 | interrogative pronoun (谁, 什么) | 名词 | 9 |
| 疑问句 | interrogative sentence | 名词 | 11 |
| 已经 | already | 副词 | 4 |
| 以后 | after, afterwards | 名词 | 4 |
| 以前 | before, previously | 名词 | 4 |
| 椅子 | chair (一把椅子) | 名词 | 3 |
| 意思 | meaning, sense | 名词 | 6 |
| 因此 | for this reason, hence | 连词 | 6 |
| 因为 | because | 连词 | 6 |
| 阴平 | the first tone | 名词 | 8 |
| 音节 | syllable | 名词 | 7 |
| 应该 | should, ought to | 动词 | 4 |
| 有 | to have; there is, there are | 动词 | 3 |
| 又 | again (of something already done) | 副词 | 4 |
| 于是 | thereupon, and so | 连词 | 6 |
| 鱼 | fish (一条鱼) | 名词 | 3 |
| 语法 | grammar | 名词 | 7 |
| 语气词 | sentence-final mood particle (吗, 呢, 吧) | 名词 | 11 |
| 语体 | register, style | 名词 | 12 |
| 语序 | word order | 名词 | 12 |
| 语音 | speech sounds, phonetics | 名词 | 7 |
| 韵母 | syllable final | 名词 | 7 |
| 再 | again (of something still to come) | 副词 | 4 |
| 再见 | goodbye | 动词 | 1 |
| 在 | to be at, be in (a place) | 动词 | 3 |
| 早 | early | 形容词 | 5 |
| 早上 | morning | 名词 | 2 |
| 张 | measure word for flat objects (一张桌子) | 量词 | 3 |
| 长 | long (of length) | 形容词 | 3 |
| 找 | to look for, to seek | 动词 | 4 |
| 这 | this | 代词 | 3 |
| 着 | durative aspect particle (state going on) | 助词 | 4 |
| 正在 | in the middle of doing (progressive) | 副词 | 4 |
| 知道 | to know (a fact) | 动词 | 4 |
| 只 | measure word for animals (一只猫) | 量词 | 3 |
| 只要 | as long as, provided that | 连词 | 6 |
| 指示代词 | demonstrative pronoun (这, 那) | 名词 | 9 |
| 指事 | indicative character (上, 下, 本, 刃) | 名词 | 8 |
| 中国 | China | 名词 | 1 |
| 中午 | midday, noon | 名词 | 2 |
| 中心语 | head word of a phrase | 名词 | 9 |
| 重叠 | reduplication (看看, 高高兴兴) | 名词 | 10 |
| 主谓结构 | subject-predicate structure | 名词 | 12 |
| 主语 | subject | 名词 | 9 |
| 住 | to live, stay; firmly (记住, 站住) | 动词 | 5 |
| 助词 | particle | 名词 | 11 |
| 助动词 | auxiliary verb | 名词 | 10 |
| 转注 | mutually explanatory character | 名词 | 8 |
| 状语 | adverbial modifier (before the verb, with 地) | 名词 | 11 |
| 桌子 | table (一张桌子) | 名词 | 3 |
| 字 | character, graph | 名词 | 7 |
| 最 | most, -est | 副词 | 5 |
| 昨天 | yesterday | 名词 | 4 |